At our integrative medical clinics in Maine and Massachusetts, my colleagues and I treat over 18,000 patients with a huge diversity of diseases and symptoms. In one day I might see cancer, Crohn’s disease, epilepsy, chronic pain, multiple sclerosis, insomnia, Tourette’s syndrome and eczema, just to name a few. All of these conditions have different causes, different physiologic states, and vastly different symptoms. The patients are old and young. Some are undergoing conventional therapy. Others are on a decidedly alternative path. Yet despite their differences, almost all of my patients would agree on one point: cannabis helps their condition.
How can one herb help so many different conditions? How can it provide both palliative and curative actions? How can it be so safe while offering such powerful effects? The search to answer these questions has led scientists to the discovery of a previously unknown physiologic system, a central component of the health and healing of every human and almost every animal: The Endogenous Cannabinoid System, also known as the Endocannabinoid System or ECS.
The ECS has three basic components: endocannabinoids, cannabinoid receptors, and hydrolytic enzymes that break down endocannabinoids. Endocannabinoids are
molecules produced by cells that have activity similar to THC and the other phytocannabinoids (plant-derived cannabinoids). They are synthesized on the cell membrane from omega-6 fatty acid precursors. Both endo – and phytocannabinoids act on cannabinoid receptors, known as CB1 and CB2, found throughout the body. Stimulating the CB receptors leads to a variety of physiologic processes inside the cell. Finally, enzymes responsible for the breakdown and recycling of endocannabinoids, MAGL and FAAH, modulate the activity of the ECS.
Sea squirts, newts, rodents, and all vertebrate species share the endocannabinoid system as an essential part of life and adaptation to environmental changes. By comparing the genetics of cannabinoid receptors in different species, scientists estimate that the endocannabinoid system evolved in primitive animals over 600 million years ago, long before the cannabis plant evolved 34 million years ago.
The ECS is perhaps the most important physiologic system involved in establishing and maintaining human health. Endocannabinoids and their receptors are found throughout the body: in the brain, organs, connective tissues, glands, and immune cells. In each tissue, the cannabinoid system performs different tasks, but the goal is always the same: homeostasis, the maintenance of a stable internal environment despite fluctuations in the external environment. Cannabinoids promote homeostasis at every level of biological life, from the sub-cellular, to the organism, and perhaps to the community and beyond.
Endocannabinoids are found at the intersection of the body’s various systems, allowing communication and coordination between different cell types. At the site of an injury, for example, cannabinoids can be found decreasing the release of activators and sensitizers from the injured tissue, stabilizing the nerve cell to prevent excessive firing, and calming nearby immune cells to prevent release of pro-inflammatory substances. Three different mechanisms of action on three different cell types for a single purpose: minimize the pain and damage caused by the injury.
The endocannabinoid system, with its complex actions in our immune system, nervous system, and all of the body’s organs, is literally a bridge between body and mind. By understanding this system we begin to see a mechanism that explains how states of consciousness can promote health or disease.
In addition to regulating our internal and cellular homeostasis, cannabinoids can
influence a person’s relationship with the external environment. Socially, the administration of cannabinoids (especially THC) can alter human behavior, often promoting sharing, humor, and creativity. By mediating neurogenesis (the growth of new brain cells), neuronal plasticity (forming new connections between brain cells), and learning, cannabinoids may directly influence a person’s open-mindedness and ability to move beyond limiting patterns of thought and behavior from past situations. Reformatting these old patterns is an essential part of health in our quickly changing environment.
As we continue to sort through the emerging science of cannabis and cannabinoids, one thing remains clear: a functional cannabinoid system is essential for health. From embryonic implantation on the wall of our mother’s uterus, to nursing and growth, to responding to injuries, endocannabinoids help us survive in a quickly changing and increasingly hostile environment. A body of evidence is now emerging that links endocannabinoid deficiency to a variety of diseases, including migraine, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, and even infant colic. As I realized this, I began to wonder: can an individual enhance his/her cannabinoid system by taking supplemental cannabis? Beyond treating symptoms, beyond even curing disease, can cannabis help us prevent disease and promote health by stimulating an ancient system that is hard-wired into all of us?
I now believe the answer is yes. Research has shown that small doses of cannabinoids from cannabis can signal the body to make more endocannabinoids and build more cannabinoid receptors. This may be why many first-time cannabis users don’t feel an effect, but by their second or third time using the herb they have increased cannabinoid sensitivity and are ready to respond. More receptors increase a person’s sensitivity to cannabinoids; smaller doses have larger effects, and the individual has an enhanced baseline of endocannabinoid activity. My clinical experience has lead me to believe that small, regular doses of cannabis might act as a tonic to our most central physiologic healing system.
by Dustin Sulak, DO
Get free instant access to Dr. Sulak’s Medical Cannabis 101 video and cannabis shopping guide.
This article was originally posted on www.Healer.com written by Dr. Dustin Sulak and may be viewed here http://healer.com/the-endocannabinoid-system/.
Meet Dr. Sulak and other top physicians at Dominican University, May 21st and 22nd. Click here for more information and registration.
…………………….
Camilleri, Michael, et al. “Cannabinoid receptor 1 gene and irritable bowel syndrome: phenotype and quantitative traits.” American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 304.5 (2013): G553-G560.
Cupini, L. M., et al. “Abnormal degradation of endocannabinoids in migrainous women.” Cephalalgia. Vol. 23. No. 7. 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND: BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD, 2003.
Cupini, L. M., et al. “Degradation of endocannabinoids in chronic migraine and medication overuse headache.” Neurobiology of disease 30.2 (2008): 186-189.
McPartland, John M. “The endocannabinoid system: an osteopathic perspective.” The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 108.10 (2008): 586-600.
McPartland, John M., et al. “Evolutionary origins of the endocannabinoid system.” Gene 370 (2006): 64-74.
Russo, Ethan B. “Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency (CECD): can this concept explain therapeutic benefits of cannabis in migraine, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome and other treatment-resistant conditions?.” Neuro endocrinology letters 25.1-2 (2003): 31-39.
Russo, Ethan B. “Clinical Endocannabinoid Deficiency (CECD).” Neuroendocrinology Letters 29.2 (2008).
Sarchielli, Paola, et al. “Endocannabinoids in chronic migraine: CSF findings suggest a system failure.” Neuropsychopharmacology 32.6 (2007): 1384-1390.
Skrabek, Ryan Quinlan, et al. “Nabilone for the treatment of pain in fibromyalgia.” The Journal of Pain 9.2 (2008): 164-173.
Storr, M. A., et al. “The role of the endocannabinoid system in the pathophysiology and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.” Neurogastroenterology & Motility 20.8 (2008): 857-868.
My brother lives in Illinois and has astrocytoma brain cancer stages 3 & 4. He was diagnosed last July after awake brain surgery @ Rush Medical Hospital by their Chief of Neurosurgery. They removed a baseball section of tumor from his left frontal lobe but could not get to some of the smear fingers of the tumor due to sensitive location near speech center and other areas. He was then treated w advanced radiation tx x 38 sessions plus oral chemo. He continues to get oral chemo 5 days per mo with an additional 5 days before he feels/acts more like himself. Last mo MRI showed a milimeter of growth.
I live in N.C. but I have sisters in Denver, CO & California. We started doing research on med cannabis to assist him. The top Denver based med dispensary company is opening a dispensary in his town of Normal, IL in April. I sent my bro research, state filing for permit info, & info on this dispensary. We want him to inject cannabis as salad and as an oil. He is interested but his neuro-oncologist is not. Apparently not enough med research evidence has made its way to Illinois docs so most refuse to sign for it for their patients. Can you assist me in finding a competent neurologist or oncologist in the Normal, IL area that will prescribe med cannabis for my brother? He can go to Chicago but it is two hours away. My brother is a minister which puts another stigma on the ignorance of the medical value if this plant. He is beloved so if he uses it successfully, it could help others & help prevent Illinois from becoming an unnecessarily failed experiment which is what I believe the government hopes it will be. This is my only brother. He is intelligent, and passionately loves his wife, 3 kids, and helping others. I don’t want him to die when medical cannabis could heal him. Your help is greatly needed & appreciated. Thank you.
Donna,
Please come to our weekend of medical cannabis education in May at Dominican University in California. We fly in all of the top researchers and physicians to report their findings. Here is the link for your convenience.
If you have any questions, please feel free to call our offices at 415-524-8099.
Best,
Brent