Alcohol is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant, so it slows down mental and bodily processes. With the first drink of alcohol, users may experience a decrease in feelings of anxiety or stress. It is commonly touted as a social lubricant, meaning drinkers are more likely to feel confidence in meeting new people and less concerned with how they are perceived by others. Because alcohol is legal and widely accepted in society, it can be hard to tell the difference between casual use and abuse. In general, any usage of alcohol that results in negative consequences is considered abuse. Some of the negative consequences and signs of alcohol abuse include:
- Physical harm or illness
- Strained relationships
- Problems at work
- Financial difficulty
- Preoccupation with drinking and inability to control drinking
- Erratic and/or violent behavior
- Depression; lack of interest in family or friend and decreased involvement in extracurricular activities
Abusers are typically heavy drinkers who continue drinking regardless of these negative results. When abuse becomes more frequent, it can escalate into addiction.